Family, Culture, and the Community by Victoria Padron

The Effect of Parenting:

Families tend to not realize the impact a child’s family, culture, and community can have on their development. This means we need to create more awareness by informing every family and community of what a child undergoes when they are suffering with either of these circumstances. For example, if a family is having financial or marital issues, the child will eventually realize it and naturally will affect the child more often in a negative aspect. As members of the education community, it is our responsibility to show parents and families how important it is for a child to feel encouraged and supported by his or her family in a nurturing environment. Moreover, we wish families explain to their child how important it is for them to respect other cultures and embrace their own. This is a part of who they are and is something they will carry with them wherever they go. Finally, another factor in child development would be for children to learn how to play an active role in their community. Individuals who partake in helping out in their community can establish relationships, develop skills that are useful for outdoors, give back to the less fortunate, etc. Parents are a significant part of their child’s life as well as the main factor in their development over time.

The Teaching of Educators

Educators play a major role in the educational category of a child’s development. Teachers spend eight hours a day giving their class information according to standards and engaging them in activities that will help them learn and interact with others. However, all educators should stress getting to know each other their students and their parents to understand the family each child goes home to everyday. Sometimes students struggle more than others with their academic or behavior as an affect of things going on at home. It is a teacher’s responsibility to ensure every child is performing at the level that they should and involve the right professionals if the child is doing poorly. In addition, getting to know the different cultures a teacher has in his or her classroom can enlighten the experience her students have all year. It also helps them to watch out for disrespect among her students in regards to culture and will assist in promoting cultural awareness and appreciation among the class. Educators are a huge part in giving students information and knowledge about resources around in their own communities. They can help students get involved by asking them to participate in something like a beach cleanup with their parent or attend a community parade during a holiday weekend. The awareness a teacher can create in a child’s life is endless and is just one reason that students begin to discover their interests in the world they live in.

The Perspective of Students:

Students like us are just additional members involved in education that have studied and can apply knowledge learned to improve child development in our world. One example is at work, those students who work in schools or are involved in the education field can help inform parents about the steps they should be taking to make sure their child is developing at their level. Culture is something that will always be an important factor as children grow up which is why they must learn to respect and support all cultures even if it is different than their own. For example, teaching children they know or work with about the importance of culture and how it defines who we are can assist in promoting cultural awareness in and out of the classroom. Finally, we can act as members of the community by attending events that give back to our city and participate in donations, etc.

Cognitive Development by Karla Vanessa

Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child’s development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of the developed adult brain and cognitive psychology.

Children grow and develop rapidly in their first five years across the four main areas of development. These areas are motor or physical, language and communication, cognitive and social/emotional.

Cognitive development means how children think, explore and figure things out. It is the development of knowledge, skills, problem solving and dispositions, which help children to think about and understand the world around them. Brain development is part of cognitive development.

Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the nature of intelligence. 
Piaget’s stages are:

Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years
Preoperational stage: ages 2 to 7
Concrete operational stage: ages 7 to 11
Formal operational stage: ages 12 and up

Piaget believed that children take an active role in the learning process, acting much like little scientists as they perform experiments, make observations, and learn about the world. As kids interact with the world around them, they continually add new knowledge, build upon existing knowledge, and adapt previously held ideas to accommodate new information.

As a parent, it is important to foster your child’s cognitive development as soon as he/she is born because doing so provides the foundation for your child’s success in school and later in life. For example, research shows that children who can distinguish sounds at six months of age are better at acquiring the skills for learning to read at four and five years of age.

To promote your child’s cognitive development, it is important that you actively engage in quality interactions on a daily basis. Examples include: 

Talking with your baby and naming commonly used objects.
Letting your baby explore toys and move about.
Singing and reading to your baby.
Exposing your toddler to books and puzzles.
Expanding on your child’s interests in specific learning activities. For example, your toddler might show an early interest in dinosaurs, so you can take him/her on a trip to the natural history museum to learn more about the time that these creatures roamed the earth.
Answering your child’s “why” questions.

Another way that you can foster your child’s cognitive development is to provide him/her with choices and prompt him/her to make thoughtful decisions. You should also allow your child to explore different ways of solving problems. While you may want to provide some gentle guidance and encouragement, allow your child some time to figure out things, like a new puzzle. This may require some patience on your part, but it will ultimately help him/ her to learn. 

Biological Beginnings by Elias Martinez

At the point when youngsters are conceived, they accompany their own hereditary directions that impact their own extraordinary qualities during childbirth during the time that they develop. Kids acquire qualities as we as a whole know yet the vast majority of their qualities are imparted to other youngsters which can give them a typical legacy while different qualities add to the manner in which they look, and act separated from the remainder of the kids. All kids have a lot of hereditary guidelines that impact their qualities during childbirth and rising physical highlights as the develop a few attributes during delicate periods which are age extends in which natural encounters are vital for the kid’s development. Different qualities are constrained by hereditary qualities.

Pre-birth

There are three periods of pre-birth advancement: improvement of the zygote, improvement of the incipient organism, and improvement of the hatchling. A zygote is a one-celled being. It partitioned again and again until it turns into a chunk of cells that connects itself to the uterus divider. At that point the zygote parts into two sections, one will become and undeveloped organism and the other one will end up being the placenta. The zygote at that point discharges hormones for feminine cycle to stop and further advancement has started. An undeveloped organism is between the period from 2 to about two months where significant body parts start to create. The undeveloped organism creates through and through and from the outside in. The hatchling is then from 9 weeks until birth. At this stage, the child finishes the improvement of the appendages and the inside organs. Eager moms must think about themselves to expand the odds of carrying a sound infant into the world. 

Birth

This is the phase of pregnancy where the mother and the family become the most on edge. Getting ready for birth is energetically significant. Guardians to be should take classes to get familiar with the latest method for doing newborn child CPR, bolstering, washing, changing and different things that they will do each day with their infant. Setting up the bag for the medical clinic around 1 or 2 months ahead of time is fundamental since babies here and there, come sooner than anticipated. Getting the hang of breathing and unwinding strategies to use through the birthing procedure will be helpful. The health and medical needs of an infant depend on the birth weight and size, and any hereditary vulnerabilities. Family educators can bolster babies straightforwardly by showing the future parents how to prepare for the baby’s needs.  

Physical Development by Jenniffer Dorcinvil 

Child development is set to identify and explain changes in the development of children and adolescents. When it comes to the development of a child, there are different forms of development that take place. One form of development that a child goes through is physical development. Physical development is the biological changes of the body. These changes happen from the time the child is in the womb, and continue to happen. With development comes different theories. Below are some of theories and their relation to physical development. 

Nature and Nurture – The belief of whether human behavior is determined by their genes (nature) or is it determine by the human’s environment (nurture). 

• Nature and nurture both play a vital role in the physical development of a child. Nature which is the genetic of a child, will determine how tall the child will be, what color eyes they will have, if they are prone to certain illness because it genetically runs in the family. Nurture has to do with the type of care the child receive and what the child is exposed to in his or her environment. 

Universality and Diversity – Changes that occur to mostly everyone is known a universality and changes that happen to individuals or different groups is known as diversity 

• Universality as it relates to physical development, are the physical changes that mostly ever child goes through (listed below in things to observe). In relations to physical development, diversity are the changes that differs from child to child. For example, there are physical changes that happen to girls that do not happen to boys. Also, there a physical changes that certain children may not go through that other children do due to a genetic disposition. 

Qualitative and Quantitative Change– Development that are dramatic changes to the underlying structure of a characteristic is known as qualitative changes. Developments that happens as gradual progression with modification to the behaviors and thought process is known as quantitative changes 

• Some example of qualitative physical development that a child moves form speaking in short one-word answers and responses, to a child beginning to speak in full sentences, and using proper grammar. The child learns the differences between walking and running, and the changes that happens to their body to do both things.  An example of quantitative physical development is the height growth of a child. 

Things to observe: Throughout the physical development of a child there are things that parent can look out for with their child during different ages. 

• Between birth and the age of 2 years old the child motor skills are developing. The child is beginning to roller over, crawling, sitting, standing, and walking. The child’s ability to reach, grab, and release objects. By the end of this age range the child should be to begin to fed their selves. There is rapid growth and weight gain for the child.
• Between the ages of 2 and 6 years old, the child motor skills have continued to development. The child has begun to run, use building blocks, use other objects. The child is also able to do certain task on their own.  The child may fall a lot as he or she is learning to balance their selves.  
• Between the ages of 6 and 10 years old, student is able to work in groups, sports. Have the ability to ride a bike, and have full function of their body. Their fine motor skills have developed greatly. The child also begins to lose their “baby teeth”. 
• Between the ages of 10 and 14 year the child begins to go through puberty, has significant growth. The child sleep pattern has change, and the child begins to eat more. The child become more aware of their physical changes and can become self-conscious about it. 
• Between the ages of 14 and 18 years old, the child sexual maturity begins to grow, they began to reach their adult height. 

Language Development by Angela Sanchez

Language development is the process in which children begin to understand and communicate language during early childhood. There are six (6) stages of language development all of which are important in the child’s development process. Stage one is the pre-linguistic stage, in which the first year of a child’s life they are in a pre-speech stage. Some examples of language development in this stage include, eye contact, gestures, cooing, babbling and crying. The second stage of language development is holophrase or one word sentence. Children in this stage are between 10-13 months old and the child begins to say “mama” “dada” “papa”. The third stage by 18 months the child is saying to word sentences including, “no more” “here now” “where toy”. Stage four the child is using more words in his or her sentences, for example, “I catched it” “I want more” “where is mama”.  Stage five the child starts to use more complex sentences like “where is mommy”, “I want my toys”, “take me home”. Finally stage six children that are 5 to six years old begin to have more adult like conversations. For example, “ask her for milk”, “when are we going home” and “I don’t want to play anymore”. 

Language Development is a critical part in a child’s overall development. It helps their ability to communicate, express themselves and understand their feelings. 

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